Exsitu measures should preferentially be put into practice in the country of species origin. Bioremediation technology, which leads to degradation of pollutants, may be a lucrative and environmentally beneficial alternative. Ex situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. The two methods are complementary, yet better understanding of this interrelation and the role of ex situ conservation in global environmental considerations is needed. In this method of biological diversity conservation, sampling, shifting, storage and preservation of target taxa is carried out outside the natural habitat of the organisms. When consider bioremediation, it becomes an ex situ process when the pollutants are collected from their natural location for the treatment. Insitu conservation is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongsideexsitu conservation. Ex situ conservation is the widely used method to conserve millet genetic resources. The planted tree species pinus radiata originates from three isolated locations along the coast in mainland california and from two islands outside the mexican coast, guadalupe and cedros islands. Iucn species survival commission guidelines on the use of ex situ management for species conservation pdf.
Insitu means the setting aside of natural reserves, where the species are allowed to remain in their ecosystems within a natural or properly managed ecological continuum. There are two types of conservation methods namely insitu and exsitu conservations. In situ conservation the conservation of genetic resources through their maintenance within natural or even human made ecosystems in which they occur, is called insitu conservation. Some of the major differences between insitu and exsitu conservation are as follows. The insitu conservation involves conservation of wild species in their natural habitats. Zoological institutions contribute directly to threatened species conservation through paradigms, such as reintroduction, headstarting, supplementation, or rescuerehabilitationrelease. Ex situ conservation of biodiversity involves the breeding and maintenance of endangered species in artificial ecosystems such as zoos, nurseries, botanical gardens, gene banks, etc. Exsitu conservation of medicinal plants is a complementary action to conserve the genetic diversity, thereby reducing pressure on wild habitats and augmenting. Sep 17, 2018 there are many methods in ex situ conservation including conservation of embryos, slow growth stages, seeds, pollen, etc.
Ex situ conservation is a contentious issue expensive and can involve removing remaining populations from the wild requires detailed knowledge of species ecology behaviour is a key factor for successfailure irrelevant unless run alongside. There is also a need to prioritize ecosystems, species and populations for conservation actions. Almost all the plant species are conserved in cold storage, in liquid nitrogen, and in different methods of storage so that if mankind looses all plants on earth in the event of some circumstances of floods or man made devastations the life can be started again. Exsitu conservation national medicinal plants board. Two major groups bioremediation treatment techniques are used. Conservation programs regard species with economic value, wild species related with those cultivated, which represent the source of genes resistant to diseases and pests, medicinal, rare, endangered or vulnerable plants. In this method genetic information of cultivated and wild plant species is preserved in the form of in vitro cultures and seeds, which are stored as gene banks for longterm use.
There are two distinct methods of plant germoplasm conservation, in situ and ex situ. Difference between insitu and ex situ conservation major. Ex situ conservation strategies flashcards quizlet. One of them is insitu conservation and the other is exsitu conservation. In situ conservation vs ex situ conservation javatpoint.
Although, because some breedingpropagation programs are needed for certain species and education is largely beneficial, i believe that both in situ and ex situ methods have their place in effective conservation. Insitu conservation is the onsite conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of teagan species. In situ conservation of biodiversity and protected areas. Insitu conservation of biodiversity and protected areas. Let us discuss the different conservation methods along with their importance. There is less competition for food, water and space among the organisms. Ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources 14 iv. Management of germplasm collections and genebanks 101 a. Ex situ conservation literally means, offsite conservation. In situ conservation of genetic resources managing. Exsitu conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats.
Ex situ conservation is the technique of conservation of all levels of biological diversity outside their natural habitats through different techniques like zoo, captive breeding, aquarium, botanical garden, and gene bank. The successes reported here on the domestication of two west african rodents by the. It includes the collection, preservation and maintenance of selected genetic resources from wild. That is what makes our country one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world. Application of ex situ conservation techniques california native. This insituexsitu integration necessitates collaboration at. Ex situ conservation is the technique of conservation of all levels of biological diversity. Globally 29,000 accessions of proso millet, 8,000 accessions each of barnyard and kodo millets, and 3,000 accessions of little millet have been assembled and conserved fig. The exsitu conservation involves preservation and breeding of endangered species under partially or fully controlled conditions. Ex situ conservation of biodiversity with particular. Its conservation embraces maintenance, sustainable utilization, and restoration, of the lost and degraded biodiversity through two basic and complementary strategies called in situ and ex situ. Generally they are used for public enjoyment and education but since there are fewer animals in the wild, they also have the additional capabilities for building up numbers through captive breeding programs.
Exsitu conservation exsitu conservation means literally, offsite conservation. Mar 23, 2016 i do agree that in situ conservation, in general, can be more important. The state of in situ management food and agriculture organization. Pdf technologies and strategies for ex situ conservation.
However, modern biotechnology can affect biodiversity in various ways. There is more certainty about the uniformity of treatment because of the ability to homogenize, screen, and continuously mix. Wildlife conservation is broadly classified into these two types. Both the forms of conservation are needed to ensure a rich wildlife, and one complements the other. Conservation of biodiversity is done in two ways insitu and exsitu conservation. A system wide approach to managing zoo collections for. Conservation techniques can be grouped into two basic, complementary strategies. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of techniques and facilities.
Biodiversity encompasses variety and variability of all forms of life on earth that play a great role in human existence. Biodiversity loss and extinction processes can occur in two phases. Nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of animals have been recorded from india. The conservation of species in their natural habitat. In order to ensure the maintenance of biodiversity, there is a need to employ complementary in situ and ex. It is a particularly important method of conservation for species that are difficult to conserve ex situ, such as many cwr. Article 8 of theconvention on biological diversity cbd specifies insitu conservation as the primary conservation strategy, and states that exsitu measures should play a supportive role to reach conservation targets. Much is known about the optimum treatment of the seed of most of the major food crops. Two basic conservation strategies, each composed of various techniques, are employed. There are two methods of biodiversity conservation. Although viable populations of some organisms can be maintained exsitu either under cultivation or in captivity, these methods are far less effective than insitu methods, and, generally, they are extremely costly.
Biodiversity conservation different methods and strategies. Ex situ measures should preferentially be put into practice in the country of species origin. In situ conservation is the onsite conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of teagan species. The conservation of species in their natural habitat or natural ecosystem is known as in situ conservation. Biodiversity is the variety of species, their genetic makeup, and the natural communities in which they occur. Exsitu conservation of biodiversity involves the breeding and maintenance of endangered species in artificial ecosystems such as zoos, nurseries, botanical gardens, gene banks, etc. Ex situ conservation of biodiversity with particular emphasis. Here, we describe a novel spatial modelling and ex situ conservation gap analysis modelling framework. The conservation of biodiversity is achieved by two approaches in situ and ex situ. There are basically two methods used in forest genetic resource conservation, namely the in situ on site and the ex situ off site conservation methods the in situ conservation method is the protection and maintenance of species populations in the ecosystem in which they occur. This method is more static and is quite suitable for conservation of several crops and their wild. Botanical gardens exsitu what is biodiversity conservation.
Dec 19, 2011 methods of ex situ conservationzoo one of the most conventional methods of ex situ conservation. Methods of exsitu conservationzoo one of the most conventional methods of exsitu conservation. Ex situ techniques can be faster, easier to control, and used to treat a wider range of contaminants and soil types than in situ techniques. Ex situ conservation an overview sciencedirect topics.
In this section these and other conservation approaches and methods will be briefly described. It is especially adapted to species which cannot be established or regenerated outside their natural. The natural biosphere reserve is a useful solution for species that are endangered. This may be through the integration of speciesspecific in situ and ex situ conservation actions as encouraged in the iucn species survival commission ssc guidelines on the use of ex situ. In order to ensure the maintenance of biodiversity, there is a need to employ complementary in situ and ex situ conservation. Biodiversity and conservation although india h as only 2. In this method genetic information of cultivated and wild plant species is preserved in the form. In situ and ex situ are two methods used to describe different biological processes such as. It is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongside insitu conservation. It is the process of protecting an endangered species of plant or animal by removing part of the population from a threatened habitat and placing it in a new location, which may be a wild area or within the care of humans. There are two strategies for conservation of wildlife.
The endangered species are protected from predators. The conservation within natural or even manmade ecosystems where the organism. Storing genetic diversity as seed is the best researched, most widely used and most convenient method of ex situ conservation. Ex situ conservation also acts as a backup for certain segments of diversity that might otherwise be lost in nature and in humandominated ecosystems. Although viable populations of some organisms can be maintained ex situ either under cultivation or in captivity, these methods are far less effective than in situ methods, and, generally, they are extremely costly. Ex situ conservation methods forest genetic resources. Pdf ex situ conservation of biodiversity with particular emphasis. How in situ and ex situ methods are used to maintain biodive. Saurabh bhatia, in modern applications of plant biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences, 2015.
It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat. In situ conservation is the preservation of species and populations of living organisms in a natural state in the habitat where they naturally occur. Offsite conservation is called as exsitu conservation, which deals with conservation of an endangered species outside its natural habitat. I do agree that insitu conservation, in general, can be more important. Although, because some breedingpropagation programs are needed for certain species and education is largely beneficial, i believe that both insitu and exsitu methods have their place in. It is conservation of endangered species in their natural habitats.
There are mainly two strategies for the conservation of wildlife. Exsitu off site conservation is a set of conservation techniques involving the transfer of a target species away from its native habitat. The exsitu conservation strategies include botanical gardens, zoological. Furthermore, in situ methods are less expensive and less manageable while the ex situ methods are expensive and manageable. Exsitu off site conservation is a set of conservation techniques involving the transfer of a target species. Gmos that result from genetic engineering may have adverse impacts on biodiversity and. The major genebanks conserving proso, barnyard, kodo, and little millets are presented in table 8.
Ex situ conservation of biodiversity with particular emphasis to. Exsitu conservation forms the basis of article 9 of theconvention on biological diversity cbd, which highlights it should always be implemented as a complementary and not as an alternative approach to insitu conservation. Ex situ conservation forms the basis of article 9 of theconvention on biological diversity cbd, which highlights it should always be implemented as a complementary and not as an alternative approach to in situ conservation. The ideal approach of in situ conservation, or an integration of the two types of conservation methods, is often prohibited by increased pressure on land. Conservation of biodiversity and genetic resources helps protect, maintain and recover endangered animal and plant species. Ex situ conservation is the technique of conservation of. Given the multiple ways in which humans use plants. Difference between in situ and ex situ conservation.
There is an increasing need for a one plan approach for conservation strategies that integrate insitu and exsitu management processes. We want these plants for the uses we might make of them. There are broadly speaking two basic approaches to genetic resources conservation, namely, insitu and exsitu conservation. Ex situ conservation involves the maintenance of genetic variation away from its original location. It includes all of the native plants and animals in the world and the processes that sustain life on earth. In situ conservation occurs in nature, for instance in a protected. Samples of populations of species, subspecies, cultivars, breeds, or varieties are taken and conserved either as living collections of plants in field gene banks, botanic gardens, and arboreta, or as samples of.
Exsitu conservation exsitu conservation dealing with the offsite conservation of the wild genetic resources genetic diversity. In situ conservation of genetic resources a species or a population sample of a particular part of its genetic variation can be maintained through in situ or ex situ conservation. Stages in the ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources 18 a. This process protects the inhabitants and ensures the sustainability of the environment and ecosystem. Insitu conservation is on site conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of tree species. Ex situ conservation means conservation which takes place offsite. The main areas for research in the development of ex situ conservation. Ex situ conservation methods bioversity international. Insitu conservation the conservation efforts are taken. Whatever we do, to protect the number and variety of plants and animals biodiversity conservation.
The main difference between in situ and ex situ is that the in situ refers to the original location whereas the ex situ refers to the offsite. Conservation techniques can be grouped into two basic. Plant genetic resources can be conserved in their natural habitats i. I had a chance to witness plant conservation sites in sweden, japan germany and india. Conservation can broadly be divided into two types. In situconservation the cbd unep, 1992, covering both wild and domesticated. Jan 19, 2017 biodiversity conservation method mainly insitu and exsitu conservation methods.
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